IP ratings help determine how well your exit signs and emergency lights stand up against dust, dirt, and especially moisture. Whether you're outfitting a commercial stairwell or a marine-rated exit point, IP compliance ensures you're protected—and up to code. This guide walks you through the essentials.
View the Full U.S. State-by-State Fire Code Guide🔍 What Is an IP Rating?
IP stands for Ingress Protection, defined by the international IEC 60529 standard. It tells you how well an electrical enclosure resists solid particles (like dust) and liquids (like rain or splashes).
The rating format is IPXY:
- X = solids (0–6)
- Y = liquids (0–9K)
For example, IP65 means the product is totally dust-tight and protected against water jets.
⚖️ Why IP Ratings Matter for Compliance
In many building codes and fire safety guidelines, IP ratings help determine whether an exit sign or emergency light is appropriate for the installation location. You may be required to use IP-rated units if:
- The fixture is exposed to rain, humidity, or hose spray
- The area has airborne particles like flour, dust, or sawdust
- The product is used outdoors or in covered but unconditioned spaces
Common governing bodies that refer to IP or equivalent protection standards include UL, OSHA, NFPA, IEC, and the International Building Code (IBC).
🔢 Understanding IP Ratings
Here’s a breakdown of common numbers you’ll see in exit and emergency lighting:
- IP20: Protected against fingers and basic contact, but not moisture
- IP44: Splash-resistant from any direction—used in damp locations
- IP65: Fully dust-tight and protected from water jets
- IP66: Jet-proof and stronger seal than IP65
- IP67: Can handle temporary immersion in water
The higher the numbers, the greater the protection—but also the greater the cost. Always match the IP rating to your installation conditions.
🏗️ Where IP Ratings Are Required
Here are some real-world examples:
- Outdoor exit signs: Minimum IP65 or IP66 for wind-driven rain
- Parking garages: IP54 or better due to dust and humidity
- Food processing areas: IP65+ for washdown and sanitation
- Industrial plants: IP66–67 if high-pressure spray is used
- Hallways and office spaces: Often IP20 is sufficient indoors
Note: UL also requires wet-location or damp-location listings for many of these applications, so the product must carry both marks.
🔄 IP vs NEMA
IP and NEMA ratings both describe enclosure protection, but differ in approach:
- IP: International and numerical (e.g., IP65)
- NEMA: U.S.-based and categorized (e.g., NEMA 4X)
IP focuses on solids and liquids. NEMA includes corrosion, icing, and oil protection. IP66 is roughly equivalent to NEMA 4, but NEMA 4X adds corrosion resistance.
⚠️ Common IP Compliance Mistakes
- Using indoor-only lights outside
- Misinterpreting splash-proof vs waterproof
- Failing to check for both IP and UL wet-location ratings
- Improper installation that breaks the IP seal (e.g., cutting holes or removing gaskets)
Even if a unit has the right IP code, bad installs can void its protection and fail inspections.
❓ IP Ratings FAQ
-
Is IP65 good enough for outdoor use?
Yes, for most standard weather exposure. For high-pressure cleaning or marine settings, go IP66–67. -
Can IP-rated fixtures be recessed or mounted on ceilings?
Absolutely, as long as seals and conduits are maintained properly. -
Are all wet-location lights IP rated?
No—look for products tested to both UL wet-location and IP standards. -
Who enforces IP ratings?
Inspectors may refer to UL, NEC, OSHA, or IBC references when approving or rejecting your install.
📚 Helpful Resources
🧠 Final Thoughts
Whether you're dealing with rain, splashes, hose-downs, or airborne particles, IP ratings help ensure your exit signs and emergency lights can survive the elements. They're not just for rugged environments—they're part of good planning and legal compliance. Choose the right rating, install it right, and keep your people safe.