Confused by blinking greens, steady ambers, or rapid red flashes? Use this quick reference to decode common LED status patterns on self‑diagnostic / automatic‑testing emergency light fixtures and follow a simple, field‑tested sequence to clear faults fast.
Self Testing Emergency Lights Automatic Testing Emergency Lights Guide Emergency Lighting Guide Table of Contents
Important: LED patterns vary by manufacturer. Treat the table below as a typical guide and confirm with the unit’s manual.
LED code quick reference
| Indicator / Pattern* | What it usually means | First checks |
|---|---|---|
| Solid green | Normal / Ready | No action needed. |
| Slow green blink | Automated test in progress (monthly short or scheduled self‑diagnostic) | Allow cycle to complete; avoid power interruptions. |
| Solid amber (yellow) | Charging / Initial charge | Allow up to 24 hours after install or battery swap; confirm unswitched AC feed. |
| Quick amber blink | Battery capacity low or battery not detected | Check battery leads & polarity, measure battery voltage; run a manual 90‑minute test after full charge. |
| Solid red | Charger or driver fault; load issue | Verify line voltage, output driver, LED boards/heads, and load wattage vs. rating. |
| Red blink codes (e.g., 1=Battery, 2=Charger, 3=LED load, 4=Transfer) | Specific fault (brand‑defined) | Count blink groups; consult unit label/manual; inspect the indicated subsystem first. |
| No LED | No AC power, tripped breaker, or LED/board failure | Confirm unswitched hot/neutral, breaker, disconnects, fuse; press test button to verify emergency output. |
*Patterns differ by brand; always confirm with the nameplate or manual.
5‑step troubleshooting workflow
- Verify unswitched power. Confirm the unit is on an unswitched 120/277V feed. Check breaker, junction box splices, and terminal screws. A switched circuit will generate nuisance faults.
- Check the battery path. Inspect battery connector seating and polarity, look for pinched leads, and measure open‑circuit battery voltage. If new, allow a full initial charge (~24h) before capacity judgments.
- Run a controlled test. Use the push‑to‑test or kill AC at the branch for a short functional run. Confirm both heads/boards illuminate and the LED indicator changes as expected during test.
- Clear latched faults. Many controllers re‑evaluate after a charge cycle or on the next scheduled self‑test. After corrections, restore AC and allow a full recharge so the logic can clear codes.
- Document. Log the code observed, corrective action, and pass/fail. Stagger full‑duration tests by area to avoid simultaneous discharges across your site.
Common faults & what to try
Battery not detected / low capacity
- Reseat the harness; confirm polarity and connector latch.
- Measure battery voltage; if extremely low, allow a full 24‑hour charge and retest.
- Age matters: SLA typically 3–5 years; NiMH/LiFePO₄ vary by duty cycle and ambient.
- If the 90‑minute test fails after a full charge, replace the battery with matching chemistry, voltage, and Ah rating.
Charger or driver fault (solid red or “2 blinks” on some models)
- Confirm correct line voltage at the input and ground continuity.
- Inspect for overheated/damaged components; check ambient limits.
- Disconnect LED load and re‑apply power; if red clears, suspect the load/driver path.
LED load fault (e.g., “3 blinks”)
- Check remote head count and total watts vs. the unit’s remote‑capable rating.
- Inspect head wiring, board connectors, and splices; replace failed boards/heads as needed.
Transfer/relay fault (e.g., “4 blinks”)
- Cycle AC, run a brief test, and listen for the relay click.
- Check for debris or mounting strain affecting the switch/relay.
Stuck in “testing” (slow green blink never clears)
- Restore stable AC and avoid rapid power cycling.
- Perform a long‑press reset (if supported), then allow a full charge window before re‑evaluation.
Battery capacity & replacement tips
- Match spec: Chemistry, voltage, and Ah must match the label.
- Break‑in: New packs may need one full charge/discharge to reach rated capacity.
- Environment: Heat shortens life; cold reduces runtime. Respect listed temperature range.
- Lifecycle planning: Track install dates and plan proactive swaps before end of life.
When to escalate or replace
- Repeated charger/driver faults after power and wiring are verified.
- Physical damage, water ingress, or signs of overheating.
- Non‑recovering capacity failures on older batteries.
FAQ
Do these LED patterns guarantee UL 924/NFPA 101 compliance by themselves?
No. The self‑test controller automates the monthly short check and the annual 90‑minute runtime, but you still need to verify indicators and keep records for your AHJ.
How do I prevent my whole site from discharging at once?
Stagger tests by area and time. Use a testing schedule and avoid simultaneous annual runs across large areas.
Can I silence beeps during faults?
Many units support a long‑press on the test button to mute; the LED will continue to indicate the fault until it’s cleared.