This guide explains how to test emergency lights and exit signs for OSHA/NFPA compliance—what the rules require, how often to test, what to document, and ways to cut testing labor with modern gear like self-testing emergency lights or photoluminescent exit signs. Written in plain English for facility managers, safety officers, and building owners.
Last updated: August 2025
Quick Picks
Testing at a Glance
- Monthly: Activate test switch for ≥ 30 seconds.
- Annual: Simulate outage and verify 90-minute operation.
- Log it: Keep written records for inspections.
- Stagger: Test by zones to minimize disruption.
Compliance Snapshot
- UL 924: Use emergency lights/signs with a 90-minute rated battery or power source.
- NFPA 101: Egress must be illuminated during normal and emergency conditions.
- OSHA: Maintain safe, lit exit routes; verify function and document tests.
Reduce Testing Labor
- Self-testing units: Auto monthly/annual diagnostics.
- Photoluminescent/tritium signs: No electrical runtime tests.
- Plan ahead: Create a calendar with reminders and responsibilities.
Introduction
Emergency lighting is critical for safe evacuation during outages, fires, or other emergencies. To ensure systems work when you need them, safety codes require regular testing and documentation. This guide covers the rules, the practical schedule, and gear choices that simplify compliance.
OSHA Testing Requirements for Emergency Lights
Both federal and consensus codes expect emergency egress lighting to function reliably. OSHA requires safe, illuminated exit routes and references nationally recognized standards. NFPA 101 (Life Safety Code) requires emergency illumination and routine testing, while UL 924 defines the 90-minute performance standard for listed equipment.
Minimum testing cadence:
- Monthly Test: Use the test button to operate the unit for at least 30 seconds.
- Annual Test: Disconnect normal power (breaker or test switch) and confirm the system remains illuminated for 90 minutes.
Manual testing takes time, but it’s essential for code compliance and occupant safety. Keep written logs—date, location, pass/fail, corrective actions—ready for inspections.
When Should You Test Emergency Lights?
Schedule tests during low-traffic hours to avoid disruption. For 24/7 facilities, post notices ahead of time and test in phases (by floor/wing). In residential settings, test when unoccupied or with occupants informed.
What Should Be Tested?
Test the entire system—not just the battery. Kill normal power to verify automatic transfer, then confirm brightness, coverage, and runtime. Inspect lenses, heads, aiming, and indicators. If a battery is weak, replace it with the correct type, voltage, and capacity.
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Alternative Technologies that Simplify Testing
Photoluminescent Exit Signs
“Glow-in-the-dark” signs absorb ambient light and remain visible during outages. They have no wiring or batteries, so there’s no electrical runtime test to perform—just keep faces clean and ensure adequate charging light during occupancy.
Tritium Exit Signs
Self-luminous tritium signs provide a constant glow for 10–20 years with no electricity or batteries. They eliminate electrical runtime tests for the sign itself. Follow local rules for allowed applications and end-of-life recycling.
Self-Testing Emergency Lights
Modern emergency lights often include self-testing / self-diagnostic electronics that automatically run the monthly 30-second and annual 90-minute tests. A status LED provides pass/fail alerts, cutting manual checks to quick visual inspections and fault resolution.
These features are available in surface-mount and recessed styles (including T-bar ceiling models) to fit most interiors.
Emergency Lighting Test Schedule Tips
- Create a calendar: Map monthly and annual tests; set reminders.
- Test by zones: Stagger areas to reduce disruptions.
- Document: Record every test and corrective action.
- Train staff: Assign responsibilities; include checks in fire drills.
- Leverage tech: Use self-testing units and non-electrical signs where appropriate.
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