Emergency lighting is a critical safety feature in any commercial or public building. In the event of a power outage or emergency, these lights provide illumination to help people safely find exits and navigate corridors or stairs.
Where Is Emergency Lighting Needed?
Emergency lighting is generally required in all areas that make up the means of egress — corridors, stairwells, ramps, aisles, and exit paths. It’s also needed in life-safety rooms such as generator or fire pump rooms.
Legal Requirements and Building Code Standards
- Brightness: Minimum of 1 foot-candle average with no point below 0.1 foot-candle.
- Duration: 90 minutes on battery backup or generator.
- Activation: Must activate within 10 seconds of power loss.
- Power Source: Battery, inverter, or generator.
- Certification: UL 924 listing required.
Do Emergency Lights Need to Be Hardwired?
Yes, emergency lights must be permanently installed and wired to the building’s electrical system. Most units contain rechargeable batteries that activate during power outages.
Inspection and Maintenance Best Practices
- Monthly Test: 30-second test every 30 days.
- Annual Test: Full 90-minute test annually.
- Recordkeeping: Maintain logs of tests and repairs.
Exit Signs and Daylight Requirements
Exit signs must be lit at all times. Photoluminescent signs are acceptable if exposed to ambient light. If using daylight to charge glow-in-the-dark signs, verify lighting levels meet code.
Types of Fixtures and Light Coverage
- LED Two-Head Units
- Combo Exit Sign & Emergency Lights
- Recessed Emergency Lights
- Outdoor-Rated Fixtures
- Remote-Capable Heads
Refer to lumen output and spacing guides from each manufacturer.
Code Variations and Local Approval
NYC and Chicago have unique exit sign requirements. Always check with your AHJ to confirm your lighting system meets local fire and building codes.
Energy Efficiency and Adaptive Features
Modern LED fixtures reduce energy use. Motion sensors, dimming controls, and self-testing features help lower costs and ensure code compliance.
Additional Considerations
- Battery vs. Inverter: Self-contained for small buildings; inverters for large buildings.
- Generator Backup: Must meet power-on time and wiring requirements.
- UL 924 Compliance: Always required.
Summary: Compliance in 5 Steps
- Identify Required Areas
- Use Code-Compliant Fixtures
- Install Properly
- Test and Document
- Check Local Codes
Explore our emergency lights and battery backup emergency lighting to stay safe and compliant.
Download Essential Emergency Lighting Guidelines for Safety and Compliance (PDF)